Respiratory pathology

Pulmonary ventilation or breathing is a vital function essential for humans. It is the renewal of the air contained in the lungs by the action of the respiratory intercostal muscles. A cycle of inspiration and expiration of an average of 23,000 per day. During inspiration, oxygen passes into the blood through the alveoli and attaches to the red blood cells to feed the rest of the cells, carbon dioxide dissolved in the blood plasma, passes into the air contained in the lungs, it will be expelled later.

The respiratory system includes:

The sinuses to regulate the temperature and humidity of the air breathed

The nasal cavity lined with hairs on the inner walls to clean the inspired air. The oral cavity can be used when the nasal passages are blocked

The asteroids which are important lymph nodes in the anti-germ system. The pharynx with the vocal cords

The epiglottis which closes the opening of the trachea when swallowing substances directed towards the esophagus

The esophagus which connects the mouth, the throat, to the stomach.

The trachea which connects the pharynx to the lungs, it divides into 2 bronchi, each for one lung. The bronchi are divided into bronchioles with alveoli at their ends, 300 million per lung, they increase the surface area of ​​gas exchanges up to 130 m2 and do not collapse on themselves during expiration thanks to a viscous liquid secreted by type II pneumocytes.

The bronchi covered with cilia move in waves, push the mucus which contains dust and germs upwards so that it is expelled.

The ribs: allow the support and protection of the lungs, they help them to inflate and contract.

Diaphragm: muscular membrane that separates the thorax from the abdomen and creates a suction that allows air to be inhaled and the lungs to inflate.

Both lungs, the right with 3 lobes and the left with 2 lobes, are covered by a membrane or pleura that separates them from the wall of the rib cage, their immunity is ensured by macrophages.

Blood reaches the lungs through the pulmonary artery from the right ventricle of the heart, circulates in the blood vessels that line the walls of the alveoli and leaves through the pulmonary vein.

Respiratory diseases of varying degrees are scourges and cause a large number of deaths worldwide to this day.

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